Week+Eight+Assignments

This week your assignment it to read Chapter Six: Atmospheric Moisture and complete the map study of Europe. Here is a link to the chapter six page: https://schmidtphysicalgeography.wikispaces.com/Ch+6 and here is a link to the Europe page: http://schmidtphysicalgeography.wikispaces.com/Europe If you have any trouble viewing either Prezi, here are the direct links to the Prezis – Chapter Six [] and Europe [] I include these because it seems that either Prezi or Wikispaces has changed the embed code for the Prezis. I noticed last Thursday when I was on the campus that the Prezis were not displaying correctly when I was in the classroom here at SBVC. They were working fine the next day at Victor Valley College, but today I am still experiencing a little trouble with them and at least one other student was also unable to view them last Thursday. I don’t know what the problem is, or if any of you are experiencing it, but the direct links to Prezi work just fine if you have any trouble viewing them from the class web page.

Here is the chapter six vocabulary:

1 absolute humidity- **Absolute Humidity**, often just referred to as 'the **humidity**', is a measure of the actual amount of water vapour in a particular sample of air: measured as a partial pressure (vapour pressure/hPa or millibars); a mixing ratio (gm water vapour/kg of dry air), dew point etc.





~Monique D. Foreman 2 acid rain (acid deposition)- Acid rain is rain that has been made acidic because of pollution. The main source of pollution that causes acid rain is the burning of fossil fuels. This type of rain is harmful to our environment, especially to forests and lakes. -Andrea Anguiano 3 capillarity - **rise or depression of a liquid in a small passage such as a tube of small cross-sectional area, like the spaces between the fibres of a towel or the openings in a porous material. Capillarity is not limited to the vertical direction. Water is drawn into the fibres of a towel, no matter how the towel is oriented. (Lindsey Skaggs)**

4 condensation- Monica Gonzalez


 * Condensation ** is the change of water from its gaseous form (water vapor) into liquid water. **Condensation ** generally occurs in the atmosphere when warm air rises, cools and looses its capacity to hold water vapor. As a result, excess water vapor condenses to form cloud droplets.

5 condensation nuclei

merriam-webster.com reports that **condensation nuclei** or CCNs (also known as cloud seeds) are small particles of a cloud droplet on which water vapour condenses. Water requires a non-gaseous surface to make the transition from a vapour to a liquid**-**.Arianna Fulton

6 convective lifting- Air lifting as a result of wind convergence. The density of the warmed air is reduced is as the air expands, and so the parcel rises towards a lower density layer.

-Vanessa Loera

7 convergent lifting- This occurs due to the crowding in the air. It is general uplifting when air converges. It causes instability and normally causes showery precipitation. - Andrea Ponciano

8 cumulonimbus- Cumulonimbus are storm clouds. These clouds are capable of producing lightning and other dangerous severe weather, such as tornadoes. They grow upward from low bases to heights of as much as 60,000 feet, and the base may extend several miles across and occupy low to middle altitudes. -Angel Ojeda -Angel Ojeda

9 dew

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Leticia Villasenor
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Dew **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> is water in the form of droplets that appears on thin, exposed objects in the morning or evening due to condensation. As the exposed surface cools by radiating its heat, atmospheric moisture condenses at a rate greater than that at which it can evaporate, resulting in the formation of water droplets.



<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 20pt;">10 dew point (dew point temperature)- <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 20pt;">Dew Point temperature is another way of saying the farenheit of the weather outside. For example, Some people are satisfied with a dew temperature of 60 degrees farenheit and others feel disgusted or sticky with 70 degrees or higher because the higher the temperature, the less water vapor is in the air.



-Angel Abarca
<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 20pt;">11 dry adiabatic rate - Lucinda Crespin

An atmospheric lapse rate is the change in temperature with height. A dry adiabatic lapse rate is when p ressure is decreased when a parcel of air is lifte  d. Pres sure decreases with height, and its temperature falls due to the expansion. If the air is dry and the process is adiabatic, the rate of temperature fall is 1°C per 100 meters of lift (10°C per Kin), or 5 l/2°F per 1,000 feet of lift. If that parcel descends again to higher pressure it causes the temperature to increase at the rate of 1°C per 100 meters or 5 1/2°F per 1,000 feet. This is known as the dry adiabatic lapse rate. There is a 10°C difference per 1000m of altitude in the photograph below (top left). Wet and dry adiabatic lapse rates differ.



Sources and photographs:

www.ess.uci.edu www.cssforum.com.pk image.frompo.com http://www.cmmap.org/learn/clouds/lapseRate.html Physical Geography Laboratory Manuel, Darrel Hess http://meteorologytraining.tpub.com/14312/css/14312_47.htm

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 20pt;">12 evaporation <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 20pt;">Evaporation happens when water is warmed up by the sun.



<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 20pt;">-Sara Sanchez <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 20pt;">13 evapotranspiration


 * Evapotranspiration ** ( ** ET ** ) is the sum of evaporation and plant transpiration from the Earth's land and ocean surface to the [|a] tmosphere . Evaporation accounts for the movement of water to the air from sources such as the soil, canopy interception, and waterbodies.. Transpiration accounts for the movement of water within a p lant and the subsequent loss of water as vapor through [|s] tomata in its [|l] eaves . Evapotranspiration is an important part of the [|w] ater cycle.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evapotranspiration

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 20pt;">-George Sigar

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 20pt;">14 fog - Lisa Morales Fog is a complex atmospheric phenomenon. It is a visible mass consisting of cloud water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air at or near the Earth's surface. Fog can be considered a type of low-lying cloud, and is heavily influenced by nearby bodies of water, topography, wind conditions, and even human activities. In turn, fog has affected many human activities, such as shipping and transport, warfare, and culture. <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 1.5;">15 frontal lifting <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 20pt;">16 hail- <span class="oneClick-link oneClick-available" style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">Precipitation <span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">in the form of <span class="oneClick-link oneClick-available" style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">rounded <span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">pellets of ice and hard snow that usually <span class="oneClick-link oneClick-available" style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">falls during thunderstorms. Hail forms <span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">when raindrops are blown up and <span class="oneClick-link oneClick-available" style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">down <span class="oneClick-link oneClick-available" style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #3d7bbf; font-family: Verdana,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">within <span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">a <span class="oneClick-link oneClick-available" style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">cloud, passing repeatedly through <span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">layers of warm andfreezing air and <span class="oneClick-link oneClick-available" style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">collecting layers <span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">of ice <span class="oneClick-link oneClick-available" style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">until <span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">they are too heavy for thewinds to keep them from <span class="oneClick-link oneClick-available" style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">falling.

data:image/jpeg -Christina Camarena

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 20pt;">17 humidity: Sandra Calderon


 * Humidity ** is the amount of [|water vapor] in the air. Water vapor is the gaseous state of water and is invisible. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; text-decoration: none;">[|[1]] Humidity indicates the likelihood of [|precipitation], [|dew] , or [|fog] . Higher humidity reduces the effectiveness of [|sweating] in cooling the body by reducing the rate of [|evaporation] of moisture from the skin. This effect is calculated in a [|heat index] table or [|humidex].



<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 20pt;">18 hydrologic cycle - The unending circulation of the planet's water supply. Liquid water from the oceans, evaporates into the air, condenses to the liquid or solid state, and returns to the Earth as a form of precipitation.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">The continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth. Water is always changing states between liquid, vapor, and ice, with these processes happening in the blink of an eye and over millions of years.

http://water.usgs.gov/edu/watercycle.html



**~Angie Johnson~** =<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 20pt;">19 isohyet- a line on a map connecting points having the same amount of rainfall in a given period.=

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; display: block; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 20pt;"> -Sahlah Storks <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 20pt;">20 latent heat of condensation <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 20pt;">21 latent heat of vaporization <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 20pt;">22 lifting condensation level <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 20pt;">23 nimbostratus- =Is a dark grey mid-altitude cloud, a layer that often covers the entire sky bringing rain, snow, or sleet. Nimbostratus clouds generally form around 6560 ft but can extend to higher and lower altitudes.=

Karen Villalpando

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 20pt;">24 orographic lifting- Reina Garcia <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 20pt;">Uplift of air over a topographic barrier. <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 20pt;">

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 20pt;">25 precipitation Gilda Rodrigues <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 20pt;"> Drops of liquid or solid water falling from clouds. The main forms of precipitation include drizzle, rain, sleet, snow, graupel and hail.

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 20pt;">26 rain

// Rain is moisture condensed from the atmosphere that falls visibly in separate drops. //


// - **Faraz Abbasi** //

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 20pt;">27 Rain Shadow

Rain shadows can be seen on the side of the mountain where rain and snow do not reach. The clouds and cold air start on one side of the mountain, and as they rise to the top they let out their rain and snow fall. Once the air and the clouds begin to climb down the other side of the mountain the air begins to warm and the clouds begin to disappear without a trace of rain or snow. This creates a side of the mountain to be warm and dry creating an almost dessert or even sometimes a complete dry dessert. Death Valley in California and Nevada is the rain shadow of the Sierra Nevada Mountain Range.

Cesar Melendez



<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 20pt;">28 relative humidity- <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #444444; font-family: Asap,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> ratio of the actual vapour <span style="color: #2393bd; font-family: Asap,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[|pressure] <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #444444; font-family: Asap,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> of water in the air to that in air saturated with water vapour; it is often expressed as a percentage. -paul garcia

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 1.5;">29 saturated adiabatic rate- The decrease of an atmospheric variable with height, the variable being temperature unless otherwise specified- Paul Garcia

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 20pt;">30 snow:


 * Snow ** is a part of the cryosphere, which traces its origins to the Greek work //kyros// for frost. Snow is precipitation in the form of ic crystals. It originates in clouds when temperatures are below the freezing point (0 degrees Celsius, or 32 degrees Fahrenheit), when water vapor in the atmosphere condenses directly into ice without going through the liquid stage. Once an ice crystal has formed, ti absorbs and freezes additional water vapor from the surrounding air, growing a snow crystal or snow pellet, which then falls to Earth.

[]


 * // Below is a view outside my front door last year in Big Bear Lake, Ca. There is a road there in front of the large pine trees, but it’s covered with snow. But I love it!!! //**

Barbara Ciaravino

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 20pt;">31 specific humidity Lidia Quintanilla

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">The **<span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">specific humidity **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> is an extremely useful quantity in meteorology. For example, the rate of evaporation of water from any surface is directly proportional to the **<span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">specific humidity **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">difference between the surface and the adjoining air.

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 20pt;">32 stable (air) <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 20pt;">33 sublimation <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 20pt;">34 supercooled water Jessica Quintanilla

<span class="_Tgc" style="font-size: 16px;">Freezing point depression is when a solution can be cooled below the freezing point of the corresponding pure liquid due to the presence of the solute; an example of this is the freezing point depression that occurs when sodium chloride is added to pure **water**.

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 20pt;">35 unstable (air)

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 20pt;">media type="custom" key="27886443"

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 20pt;">media type="custom" key="27886463"