Week+Twelve

= Chapter Nine Assignments =

This week you will be reading Chapter Nine: The Hydrosphere. You will find the Prezi and other supplemental information here: http://schmidtphysicalgeography.wikispaces.com/Ch+9

You will also be working on your Africa Map Study, which you will find here: http://schmidtphysicalgeography.wikispaces.com/Maps

You will notice that I have a lot of supplemental information on chapter nine. Water is an extremely important issue in our area. I have a photo tour of the Los Angeles Aqueduct that you may enjoy. I also have a link to the dust cams over Owens (dry) lake, which was the largest lake in California and was dried up by Los Angeles stealing its water very quickly. Now it's an air pollution problem for much of California. You might enjoy a look at the dust cams - see what Owens Lake looks like today. It has a sprinkler system on it to keep the dust down, but it doesn't cover the whole lake, so there is still a problem. There is also a video about Mono Lake - the oldest lake in North America - just north of Owens Lake, which almost met the same fate. You may like the story of Mono Lake, and it is in the textbook. I also have some videos on the Aral Sea, which was the 4th largest lake in the world, but is pretty much gone now. It's also in the chapter, but the video is newer. There is a video about Lake Chad - also in the chapter and on your map. I have a video about salinity in the oceans, I always show this one in class, it's newer than the text. I have several other articles on the page related to the chapter. It's not required reading and the videos are not required watching, but I think they add to the experience and are aften helpful to understand the textbook.

You have a vocabulary posting assignment (below) and I have had to get creative and add a few terms. If you cannot find a term in the book, use Google. You have two writing assignments, one for chapter nine and one for Africa - which is your last map. I did leave copies of the Africa map with the secretary if you need to pick it up. I know I am not the only one water is really important to, I look forward to reading your reflections after this chapter.

Chapter Nine Vocabulary

1 aquifers -aquifers is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock,rock fractures or unconsolidated materials (gravel,sand, or silt) from which groundwater can be extracted using a water well. The study of water flow in aquifers and the characterization is called hydrogeology.





~Monique D. Foreman 2 artesian well The free flow that results when a well is drilled from the surface down into the aquifer and the confining pressure is sufficient to force the water to the surface without artificial pumping. Gilda Rodrigues 3 cryosphere The Cryosphere is the areas on the Earth where water is in its solid form. When I think of the Cryosphere the places on Earth that automatically enter into my mind is the north and South Pole. Other examples would be mountain ranges when they are full of snow and solid ice.

Cesar Melendez

4 drainage basin- an area of land that is drained by a river. Surface water from snow, rain, ice goes to a point that has a lower elevation. It has water found in the water table and surface run-off. (Andrea Anguiano) == 5 drunken forest - **is a stand of trees displaced from their normal vertical alignment. This most commonly occurs in northern subarctic taiga forests of Black Spruce (Picea mariana) under which discontinuous permafrost or ice wedges have melted, causing trees to tilt at various angles. (By Lindsey Skaggs)**==



6 global conveyer-belt circulation 7 groundwater- water held underground in the soil or in pores spaces -Vanessa Loera 8 groundwater mining

Groundwater mining is any water that is pooled or moving beneath the surface of the earth. In some areas groundwater can be found in continuous flowing formations, rather like an underground river that is continually replenished by rainfall or snow melt. In other areas the groundwater, or aquifer, is more static, like a lake. These static areas are also replenished by water from the surface working its way down into the earth, but the process may be quite slow.



-Sara Sanchez 9 hydrologic cycle -Reina Garcia Which is also known as the water cycle H20 cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth. 10 iceberg - Lisa Morales =An iceberg is a large piece of freshwater ice that has broken off a glacier or an ice shelf and is floating freely in open water. It may subsequently become frozen into pack ice (one form of sea ice). As it drifts into shallower waters, it may come into contact with the seabed.=

11 ice floe- a large pack of floating ice that can be found in drift ice, am ice dam, or an ice stream.



-Angel Abarca

12 ice pack 13 ice shelf A ice shelf is a massive portion of a continental ice sheet that projects out over the sea. A ice shelf is a thick floating platform of ice that forms where a glacier or ice sheet flows down to a coastline and onto the ocean surface. Ice shelves are only found in Antarctica, Greenland and Canada. Leticia Villasenor

14 lake- monica gonzalez

Lake- a large body of water surrounded by land.

15 marsh -Jessica Quintanilla Flattish surface area that is submerged in water at least part of the time but is shallow enough to permit the growth of water-tolerant plants, primarily grasses and sedges.



16 Ocean Acidification: Sandra Calderon


 * Ocean acidification ** is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's **oceans **, caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from the atmosphere. An estimated 30–40% of the carbon dioxide from human activity released into the atmosphere dissolves into **oceans **, rivers and lakes.



17 permafrost- Lidia Quintanilla permanent ground ice or permanently frozen subsoil. 18 permeability- Paul Garcia The property of rock or soil permitting water to pass through it. Primary permeability depends on interconnecting pores between the grains of the material. Secondary permeability depends on solutional widening of joints and bedding planes and on other solution cavities in the rock.

19 porosity 20 runoff 21 saline lake - Lucinda Crespin



A saline lake is a body of water (Lake) which is high in salinity. The great salt lake in Utah is the largest salt water lake in the Northern Hemisphere. The high salinity in saline lakes makes it uninhabitable by most species but brine shrimp and algae can withstand the salinity and survive. Brine flies are abundant (billions) and help feed thousands of migrating birds. The high salt concentration in the saline lakes is dense and it is easier to float in this kind of water. "Saline lakes are commonly caused by interior stream drainage in an arid environment." (See Hess)

22 salinity- is the measurement of the concentration of dissolved salts in water.

23 subartesian (well) 24 swamp- A swamp is an area of land permanently saturated, or filled, with water. Many swamps are even covered by water. There are two main types of swamps: freshwater swamps and saltwater swamps.

Swamps are dominated by trees. They are often named for the type of trees that grow in them, such as cypress swamps or hardwood swamps. Freshwater swamps are commonly found inland, while saltwater swamps are usually found along coastal areas. Swamps are transition areas. They are neither totally land nor totally water.

Swamps exist in many kinds of climates and on every continent except Antarctica. They vary in size from isolated prairie potholes to huge coastal salt marshes. Some swamps are flooded woodlands. Some are former lakes or ponds overtaken by trees and shrubs.

-Christina Camarena

25 thermohaline circulation 26 tidal bore =**A wall of seawater several centimeters to several meters in height that rushes up a river as the result of enormous tidal inflow. The greatest tidal range in the world is found at the upper end of the Bay of Fundy in eastern Canada.**=

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** Angie Johnson~ **
27 tidal range -Arianna Fulton

The tidal range is the vertical difference between the high tide and the succeeding low tide Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon and the Sun and the rotation of the Earth. 

28 tides

**// Tides are very long-period waves that move through the oceans in response to the forces exerted by the moon and sun. //**
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=**// -Faraz Abbasi //**=

29 waterless zone 30 water table Water table, also called Groundwater Table, upper level of an underground surface in which the soil or rocks are permanently saturated with water. The water table separates the groundwater zone that lies below it from the capillary fringe, or zone of aeration, that lies above it. The water table fluctuates both with the seasons and from year to year because it is affected by climatic variations and by the amount of precipitation used by vegetation. It also is affected by withdrawing excessive amounts of water from wells or by recharging them artificially. Source: “water table”. //Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica Online.// Encyclopedia Britannica Inc., 2015. Web 04 Nov. 2015 []
 * Barbara Ciaravino **

31 zone of aeration 32 zone of confined water 33 zone of saturation

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