Week+Two+Assignments

= Week Two Assignment =

The assignment for this week is to read chapter one Introduction to Earth, review the Prezi and other supplemental material located here: Chapter One Introduction to Earth. You will have a quiz on Blackboard - which is timed at 30 minutes, you get two chances, and closes next week 11:59 PM 9/1/15. Your posting assignment is to pick one of the vocabulary terms below and define it. Please feel free to use pictures and videos. Once you have finished your vocabulary and reading, please use the Padlet at the bottom of the page to reflect on your experience with this chapter.

As you read chapter one, try to make sure you can answer the questions below - if you know all of the vocabulary and you can answer the questions, you should get a high score on your quiz.

1. How do geographers study the world and use science to explain and understand the natural environment? 2. What are the overlapping environmental “spheres” of Earth, and how does the concept of Earth systems help us understand the interrelationships of these spheres? 3. How does Earth ft in with the solar system, and how does the size of Earth compare with the size of its surface features? 4. How does the system of latitude and longitude describe location on Earth? 5. What causes the annual change of seasons, and how do patterns of sunlight around Earth change during the year? 6. How is the system of time zones used to establish times and dates around the world?

= Chapter One Vocabulary =

1 Antarctic Circle - [|parallel], or line of latitude around the Earth, at 66°30′ S. Because the Earth’s axis is inclined about 23.5° from the vertical, this parallel marks the northern limit of the area within which, for one [|day] or more each year, at the summer and winter solstices, the Sun does not set (December 21 or 22) or rise (June 21 or 22). The length of continuous day or night increases southward from one day at the Antarctic Circle to six months at the [|South Pole]. The South Pole is located on the central ice-covered plateau of the large continental mass, the Antarctic, which almost fills the area within the Antarctic Circle. On any date, the lengths of day and night at the Antarctic Circle are the converse of those at the [|Arctic Circle]. The Antarctic Circle, which separates the South Frigid Zone from the South Temperate Zone, was first crossed by Captain [|James Cook] on January 17, 1773.

~Monique D. Foreman

2 __**Aphelion:**__ A geographical form of positioning describing when the earth is farthest (94,555,000 mls) from the sun during its elliptical orbit.



-Sahlah Storks

3 Arctic Circle // The Arctic Circle is an invisible circle which marks the southern limit of the area where the sun does not rise on the winter solstice or set on the summer solstice. The Arctic Circle is approximately 1,650 miles away from the North Pole! //

//**Here is an awesome video that shows how interesting the Arctic Circle is!**// //[|Arctic Circle Midnight Sun]//

- **// Faraz Abbasi //**

4 atmosphere- The layer of gases surrounding a planet, and is retained by a planet’s gravity. The atmosphere protects life on Earth by absorbing ultraviolet solar radiation, warming the surface through heat retention, and reducing temperature extremes between day and night. The atmosphere on earth is mainly composed of nitrogen, oxygen, and argon. -__**Angel Ojeda**__

5 biosphere - The biosphere encompasses all the parts of the Earth where living organisms can exist (Hess, p. 8). **Photo Credit: astro.hopkinsschools.org (By Lindsey Skaggs)**



The Circle of Illumination Karen Villalpando The circle is created by how the sun’s rays shine on the Earth. It visually divides the earth into a light half and a dark half. The location will move slightly depending on the season, but the circle isn’t moving. It is actually the Earth turning on its axis and revolving around the circle and not the circle that is moving.
 * 6 circle of illumination **



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 * 7 cryosphere- Jessica Quintanilla **



**Cultural geography is the study of cultural products and norms and their variations across and relations to spaces and places. (example. mapping or graphing which countries have become westernized) It focuses on describing and analyzing the ways language, religion, economy, government and other cultural phenomena vary or remain constant, from one place to another and on explaining how humans function spatially.**
 * 8 cultural geography- Paul Garcia **

On or about December 21st, the Earth reaches the postion in its orbit where the North Pole is oriented most directly away from the Sun: the vertical rays of the Sun now stroke 23.5 degrees South. =-**Angel Abarca**=
 * 9 December solstice- **

A great circle is a section of the sphere that contains a diameter of the sphere. Sections of the sphere that do not contain a diameter are called small circles. A great circle becomes a straight line in a gnomonic projection. [|http://mathworld.wolfram.co]m Barbara Ciaravino
 * 10 equator: The equator is an imaginary line drawn around the earth, dividing the southern and northern hemisphere equally. -Andrea Anguiano **
 * 11 graticule **
 * 12 great circle **

// Sara Sanchez- // // Gilda Rodrigues // Monica Gonzalez. Latitude is an angle (defined below) which ranges from **0°** at the Equator to **90°** (North or South) at the poles. Lines of constant latitude, or parallels, run east-west as circles parallel to the equator. Latitude is used together with longitude to specify the precise location of features on the surface of the Earth.
 * 13 Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) **
 * 14 hydrosphere **
 * 15 inclination of Earth’s axis **
 * 16 International Date Line **
 * The International Date Line (IDL) is an imaginary line on the surface of the Earth that runs from the north pole to the south pole and demarcates the change of one calendar day to the next. As you can see in the image on the left side of the International Date Line is Sunday, and on the right side is Saturday.
 * [[image:https://qph.is.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-4a8b43436afcbd3a1f9d3e57d200b1df?convert_to_webp=true]]
 * 17 international system of measurement (SI) **
 * 18 June solstice **
 * 19 latitude- **


 * 20 lithosphere (Greek for stone) **

The solid, inorganic portion of Earth that is comprised of the rocks of Earth's crust and broken

unconsolidated particles of mineral matter that overlie the solid bedrock. The surface is shaped into

an almost infinite variety of land forms on seafloors and the surfaces of the continents and islands.

~Angie Johnson~

Longitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the east-west position of a point on the Earth's surface. It is an angular measurement, usually expressed in degrees and denoted by the Greek letter lambda.
 * 21 longitude **

-**George Sigar** The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole, Celestial North Pole, or Terrestrial North Pole, is defined as the point in the Northern Hemisphere where the Earth's axis of rotation meets its surface. Lidia Quintanilla
 * 22 March equinox- The March equinox or Northward equinox is the equinox on the earth when the Sun appears to cross the celestial equator, heading northward. **
 * - **//CHRISTINA CAMARENA//
 * 24 North Pole: **
 * 25 parallel - Lucinda Crespin **

Parallel lines extend around the earth and run parallel to the equator. The Equator is the line of latitude which runs East and West across the Earth and is located at 0° latitude. The parallel lines of latitude are separated by invisible lines which are 1° apart and run parallel to the Equator. The line of the Equator separates the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The Prime Meridian is a line of longitude and located at 0° longitude and converges at the North and South Poles separating the Eastern and Western Hemisphere and runs right through the equator. These invisible lines that run across the earth are called lines of latitude and lines of longitude and they have parallel lines that run North and South, and East and West. Parallel lines of latitude run east and west and measure north and south. Li nes of longitude run north and south and measure east and west Parallel lines around the Earth have a distance of 1° between each of the parallel lines, 1° degree is about 69 miles/60 minutes. There are more invisible parallel lines in between each degree of a parallel line. Invisible lines of longitude and parallel lines of lattitude. Parallel lines of latitude and degrees.  The four hemispheres, Parallel line of equator divides Northern and Southern Hemisphere.

Sources:  http://www.thegreenwichmeridian.org/tgm/articles.php?article=5 http://www.brittanica.com/science/parallel []

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~ Reina Garcia Physical geography covers the topics relating to the surface of the earth - the landforms, glaciers, rivers, climate, oceans, earth-sun interaction, hazards, and more.
 * 26 perihelion **
 * Is the point in the orbit at which a planet, asteroid, or comet at which it is closest to the Sun. **
 * 27 physical geography **
 * Sandra Calderon **



-Vanessa Loera
 * 28 plane of the ecliptic **
 * 29 plane of the equator- Midway between the North and South Poles and perpendicular to the Earth's surface **

==The Prime Meridian is an imaginary line that, similar to the Equator, divides the earth into eastern and western hemispheres. It is sometimes referred to as the Greenwich Meridian because it passes through the Royal Observatory in England.==
 * 31 prime meridian **- Lisa Morales**

32 September equinox ~Arianna Fulton

The September equinox is an equinox (the time or date that happens two times a year) at which the sun crosses the equator indicating the equal amount of time between day and night. Which means the perfect time of 12 hours of night and 12 hours of daylight

soures and picture website http://earthsky.org/astronomy-essentials/everything-you-need-to-know-vernal-or-spring-equinox http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/equinox

33 solar altitude 34 South Pole 35 Tropic of Cancer-

=

 * The Tropic of Cancer, is also referred as the Northern Tropic, is the most northerly circle of latitude on the Earth at which the Sun may appear directly overhead at its culmination. This is an imaginary parallel line which marks the northermost location reached by the vertical rays of the Sun in the annual cycle of Earth's revolution.**======
 * Leticia Villasenor**

36 Tropic of Capricorn - The **Tropic of Capricorn** (or the Southern **Tropic**) is the circle of latitude that contains the sub-solar point on the December (or southern) solstice. It is thus the southernmost latitude where the Sun can be directly overhead. Its northern equivalent is the **Tropic** of Cancer. - Marvin Hoggatt

37 Universal Time Coordinated (UTC) 38 Eratosthenes

I chose Eratosthenes because it was just random and different, and that’s why I am here. I want to learn the different, random, and unusual in this course. I want to broaden my knowledge and I believe this course will do just that.

I did not know what, or who is Eratosthenes until I began researching the name. It was a surprise to find out that Eratosthenes was a person, but not just a person but one who greatly impacted many fields of science and mathematics.

It said that Eratosthenes dedicated his life to know everything about the world. He was well known to be a mathematician, but he also researched and impacted the fields of astronomy, geography, and history. One of his greatest impacts in math was the creation of theories to identify prime numbers. He also was able to contribute to geography by calculating distances, circumferences and also creating the first map of the world. Using his knowledge he was also able to assist historians by calculating ages, and dates of main events in the past. Eratosthenes was able to assist in a variety of subjects making him an incredible person.

Sources: [] [] [] [] Cesar Melendez media type="custom" key="27779617"  The parallel lines latitude and longitude are used to find any point on the Earth. There are invisible lines of latitude and longitude that run across the earth, these lines are called lines of latitude and lines of longitude and each contain parallel lines that run North and South, and East and West. The Prime Meridian is a line of longitude and located at 0 ° longitude and converges at the North and South Poles, separating the Eastern and Western Hemisphere. It has parallel Meridian lines around the Earth with a distance of 1° between each of the parallel lines, 1° degree is about 69 miles/60 minutes. In between each degree of parallel Meridian lines of latitude there are more invisible parallel lines whose distance is separated by minutes and seconds. The Prime Meridian line separates the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. The Equator is the line of latitude which runs East and West across the Earth and is located at 0 ° latitude. The parallel lines of latitude are also separated by invisible lines which are 1° apart and run parallel to the Equator. The line of the Equator separates the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

The parallel lines latitude and longitude are used to find any point on the Earth .

Source: http://www.thegreenwichmeridian.org/tgm/articles.php?article=5

 

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