Week+Nine+Assignment

For this week, your assignment is to reach chapter seven, Atmospheric Disturbances and review the Prezi, and supplemental material, which you will find here: http://schmidtphysicalgeography.wikispaces.com/Ch+7

You have a vocabulary posting assignment and a reflection to write.

Chapter Seven Vocabulary

1 air mass An //air mass// is a large volume of //air// in the atmosphere that is mostly uniform in temperature and moisture. //Air masses// can extend thousands of kilometers across the surface of the Earth, and can reach from ground level to the stratosphere—16 kilometers (10 miles) into the atmosphere.

~Monique D. Foreman 2 arctic/antarctic air mass 3 cold front

A **cold front ** is defined as the transition zone where a cold air mass is replacing a warmer air mass. Cold fronts generally move from northwest to southeast. The air behind a cold front is noticeably colder and drier than the air ahead of it. Leticia Villasenor

4 continental polar 5 continental tropical 6 easterly wave 7 equatorial air mass 
 * Paul Garcia (Update) **
 * Air masses are important features of the atmosphere that have a strong influence on weather patterns. An air mass is a volume of air with a large horizontal spread -- typically in the range of 1,600 kilometers (1,000 miles) or more -- that originates in a particular geographic region with uniform temperatures. Air masses that originate near the equator are typically warm and moisture-laden, and they feed tropical rain forests and fuel hurricanes. **

8 eye (of a hurricane) Gilda Rodrigues The non stormy center of a tropical cyclone, which has a diameter of 16 to 40 kilometers(10 to 25 miles) and is a singular area of calmness in the maelstrom that whirls around it. 9 eye wall The eye wall of a hurricane's surrounding clouds resemble a football stadium and encloses the eye of the hurricane with surrounding thunderstorms. The air located in the eye wall moves fast and pulls moisture from the ocean water to fuel the thunderstorms and outer rain bands.

The winds inside the eye wall of a hurricane move counter-clockwise, while the air above the hurricane moves clockwise. Once the air has reached the center of the hurricane, better known as the eye, the air sinks causing the eye to be cloudless.

http://www.accuweather.com/en/weather-glossary/hurricane-eyewall-home-to-dang/14454057


~Angie Johnson~ 10 FRONT: A front is a transitioning area between tw masses of air.



-Sahlah Storks

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11 Fujita tornado intensity scale

Fujita scale

Dr. T. Theodore Fujita developed a damage scale (Fujita 1971, Fujita and Pearson 1973) for winds, including tornadoes, which was supposed to relate the degree of damage to the intensity of the wind. This scale was the result. The original F-scale should not be used anymore, because it has been replaced by //an enhanced version.// The Enhanced F-scale (simple table or detailed 95-page PDF) is a much more precise and robust way to assess tornado damage than the original. It classifies F0-F5 damage as calibrated by engineers and meteorologists across 28 different types of damage indicators (mainly various kinds of buildings, but also a few other structures as well as trees). The idea that a “one size fits all” approach just doesn’t work in rating tornado damage, and that a tornado scale needs to take into account the typical strengths and weaknesses of different types of construction. This is because the same wind does different things to different kinds of structures. In the Enhanced F-scale, there will be different, customized standards for assigning any given F rating to a well built, well anchored wood-frame house compared to a garage, school, skyscraper, unanchored house, barn, factory, utility pole or other type of structure. In a real-life tornado track, these ratings can be mapped together more smoothly to make a damage analysis…the enhanced version will rate the tornado as a whole based on most intense damage within the path.

[|http://www.spc.noaa.gov/faq/tornado/#f-scale3]

Barbara Ciaravino



12 funnel cloud - Lucinda Crespin A funnel shaped cloud that may start off a twister or tornado. The funnel shaped cloud is made up of condensed water droplets that are in a rotating column of wind that does not touch the ground, or a water surface unless it turns into a twister or tornado. Funnel clouds can appear alone or several can appear at the same time. The link below has live footage of a funnel cloud being formed and almost turning into a tornado. The clouds that form funnel clouds are usually the c umulonimbus storm clouds. Water vapor condenses into a funnel cloud.

Link to funnel cloud video, click here []



Sources: Youtube video of forming funnel cloud: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SSVBGPoZL98 Photograph: Pinterest.com Lucinda Crespin

hurricane-Monica Gonzalez

a storm with a violent wind, in particular a tropical cyclone in the Caribbean., >> 
 * a wind of force 12 on the Beaufort scale (equal to or exceeding 64 knots or 74 mph).
 * **Hurricanes ** begin as tropical storms over the warm moist waters of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans near the equator. (Near the Phillippines and the China Sea, **hurricanes ** are called typhoons.) As the moisture evaporates it rises until enormous amounts of heated moist air are twisted high in the atmosphere.

14 lightning **Lightning is a sudden electrostatic discharge during an electrical storm between electrically charged regions of a cloud called intra cloud between the cloud and another cloud.** **CHRISTINA CAMARENA** 15 maritime polar- Air masses that originate in the polar regions. They change temperatures as they pass over warm oceans. (Andrea Anguiano) 16 maritime tropical - ** Maritime tropical air masses originate over the warm waters of the tropics and Gulf of Mexico, where heat and moisture are transferred to the overlying air from the waters below. The northward movement of tropical air masses transports warm moist air into the United States, increasing the potential for precipitation. (By Lindsey Skaggs) **



17 Mesocyclone

A mesocyclone can be described as the vortex or ring in the sky. This is constructed by low pressure cold front in which moves from the pacific Ocean and a low humid windfield out of the Gulf of Mexico. A mesocyclone is usually accompanied by a thunder storm. Also, A mesocyclone is much larger than a tornado in which can be formed from the mesocyclone. Mesocyclones usually form in the area that is called “tornado valley” CESAR MELENDEZ



18 midlatitude anticyclone 19 midlatitude cyclone ====//climate.ncsu.edu reports rhat midlatitude are// clones are huge weather systems that are low pressure areas pop up easily during winter because of the large temperature difference between the equator and the North Pole .Mid-latitude cyclones can bring severe weather across the entire US with one system. Arianna Fulton.====

[[image:https://climate.ncsu.edu/secc_edu/images/1993mlc.gif]]
20 occluded front 21 occlusion 22 Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale: Sandra Calderon

The **Saffir **– **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Simpson hurricane **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> wind **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">scale **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> (SSHWS), formerly the **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Saffir **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">– **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Simpson hurricane scale **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> (SSHS), classifies **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">hurricanes **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> – Western Hemisphere tropical cyclones that exceed the intensities of tropical depressions, and tropical storms – into five categories distinguished by the intensities of their sustained winds.



23 stationary front Lidia Quintanilla

<span class="_Tgc" style="font-size: 16px;">A **stationary front** is a pair of air masses, neither of which is strong enough to replace the other. On a weather map, this is shown by an inter-playing series of blue spikes pointing one direction and red domes pointing the other.

24 storm surge

A ** storm surge ** is a [|c] oastal flood or tsunami-like phenomenon of rising water commonly associated with low pressure weather systems (such as [|t] ropical cyclones and strong extratropical cyclones), the severity of which is affected by the shallowness and orientation of the water body relative to storm path, and the timing of tides.


 * George Sigar**

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm_surge
 * Source:**

25 thunder - Lisa Morales Thunder is the sound caused by lightning. Depending on the distance and nature of the lightning, thunder can range from a sharp, loud crack to a long, low rumble. The sudden increase in pressure and temperature from lightning produces rapid expansion of the air surrounding and within a bolt of lightning. In turn, this expansion of air creates a sonic shock wave, similar to a sonic boom, which produces the sound of thunder. 26 thunderstorm- A thunderstorm is a storm with lightning and thunder. It is produced by a cumulonimbus cloud, and nearly always producing gusty winds and showery precipitation. Thunderstorms are always associated with vertical air motion, considerable humidity, and instability. - **Angel Ojeda**



27 tornado


 * // A tornado is a narrow, violently rotating column of air that extends from the base of a thunderstorm to the ground. Tornadoes are pretty crazy in my opinion, they are most definitely the "scariest" storm types. I actually came across this video that is fascinating, this is going to sound crazy but....its  footage of inside a tornado ..... //**


 * // Check it out! [|Inside a Tornado] //**




 * // - Faraz Abbasi //**

28 tropical cyclone - Reina Garcia Is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain.

29 tropical depression

=
<span style="font-size: 1.033em; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px 0px;"> =====

-sa ra sanchez
31 warm front 32 waterspout

Waterspouts fall into two categories: fair weather waterspouts and tornadic waterspouts.
===Tornadic waterspouts are tornadoes that form over water, or move from land to water. They have the same characteristics as a land tornado. They are associated with severe thunderstorms, and are often accompanied by high winds and seas, large hail, and frequent dangerous lightning.=== ===Fair weather waterspouts usually form along the dark flat base of a line of developing cumulus clouds. This type of waterspout is generally not associated with thunderstorms. While tornadic waterspouts develop downward in a thunderstorm, a fair weather waterspout develops on the surface of the water and works its way upward. By the time the funnel is visible, a fair weather waterspout is near maturity. Fair weather waterspouts form in light wind conditions so they normally move very little.=== http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/waterspout.html

[[image:http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/medium_1x_/public/import/2013/images/2013/07/waterspout-main.jpg?itok=v2zShraX width="346" height="143"]]
Karen Villalpando 33 wind shear

media type="custom" key="27906519" <span style="display: block; height: 1px; left: 0px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; top: 3555.5px; width: 1px;"> <span style="display: block; height: 1px; left: 0px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; top: 4217.5px; width: 1px;"> <span style="display: block; height: 1px; left: 0px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; top: 3840px; width: 1px;"> Cumulonimbus are storm clouds <span style="display: block; height: 1px; left: 0px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; top: 6800px; width: 1px;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; border: 0px; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Air masses are important features of the atmosphere that have a strong influence on weather patterns. An air mass is a volume of air with a large horizontal spread -- typically in the range of 1,600 kilometers (1,000 miles) or more -- that originates in a particular geographic region with uniform temperatures. Air masses that originate near the equator are typically warm and moisture-laden, and they feed tropical rain forests and fuel hurricanes.