Week+Seven+Assignment

Chapter Five: Atmospheric Pressure and Wind
Your assignment for this week is to read chapter five and review the Prezi Chapter Five Page Pick a vocabulary word to post, or a pair - as you may notice some have two terms, but they belong together, then reflect on your chapter on the padlet below.

There is a lot of supplemental material on the chapter five page. Mostly it is related to El Nino, but there is also another Prezi towards the bottom of the page on the Santa Ana Winds. You would be surprised to see how much we are locally connected to this chapter. I linked the aerosol video on this page again (it was first in chapter three) so that once you know where the wind belts are, you will understand it differently.

Draw the Global Wind Belts The link above will take you to a page where you can see how to draw the global wind belts step by step. You do not have to do this, but I always have my onsite students do this, and I do believe that there is something to be said for the tactile element to drawing the wind belts. This chapter is very important for understanding future chapters. Once you learn the wind belts, it helps everything else to fall into place.

Vocabulary 1 anticyclone


 * An anti-cyclone -- also known as a [|high pressure] area -- is a large atmospheric circulation system with the [|wind] flowing clockwise around it in the Northern Hemisphere, and counter-clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.

Anticyclones form from air masses cooling more than their surroundings, which causes the air to contract slightly making the air more dense. Since dense air weighs more, the weight of the atmosphere overlying a locatiion increases, causing increased surface air pressure.

The air mass cooling that results in an anticyclone forming can be caused by either conduction as the air flows over a relatively cool ocean surface, or through the loss of [|infrared radiation] over land during the fall, winter, or spring when little sunlight is available to warm the air mass. ||
 * Interesting facts: ||
 * The strongest anticyclones occur over snow-covered portions of Asia and North America in the winter when clear, dry air masses cool from a loss of infrared radiation, while little sunlight is absorbed to offset that infrared cooling. ||



~Monique D. Foreman 2 atmospheric pressure: The force that is exerted by the weight of gas molecules on a unit of area. This pressure is exerted on the Earth's surface, on everything that is in existence including us. Pressure changes with altitude. For example, the pressure at sea level is greater than at the peak of the tallest mountain. This is because as you go higher there are less gas molecules in the air. -Andrea Anguiano

====3 Chinook- A localized downslope wind of relatively dry and warm air, which is further warmed adiabatically (Warming by compression, such as in descending air) as it moves down the leeward slope of the Rocky Mountains.==== The winds are caused by moist weather patterns, originating off the Pacific coast, cooling as they climb the western slopes, and then rapidly warming as they drop down the eastern side of the mountains.

~Karen Villalpando~

4 cyclone A large-scale circulation of winds around a central region of low atmospheric pressure, counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere, clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. ***National Oceanic and AtmosphericAdministration-NOAA*** http://www.slideshare.net/junelynhigara/cyclone-and-anticyclone

~Angie Johnson~
5 doldrums 6 dynamic high & dynamic low **__Dynamic high__** -Strongly descending air is typically linked with high pressure at surface. **__Dynamic low__**-Strongly rising air typically linked with low pressure on surface

-Vanessa Loera

7 El Niño ENSO (El Niño–Southern Oscillation) Gilda Rodrigues Periodic atmospheric and oceanic phenomenon of the tropical Pacific that typically involves the weakening or reversal of the trade winds and the warming of surface water off the west coast of South America. media type="youtube" key="WPA-KpldDVc" width="560" height="315"

8 foehn Gilda Rodrigues CHINOOK: A localized downslope wind of relatively dry and warm air, which is further warmed adiabatically as it moves down the leeward slope of the Rocky Mountains. 9 friction layer

The **friction layer ** is the layer of air that is influenced by friction caused by the surface. The friction imposed on air mechanically shows the wind and diverts its direction. Generally speaking wind speed increases with height above the surface as the frictional force of surface diminishes with height. Leticia Villasenor

10 **__Hadley cells:__** A hadley cell is a large-scale atmospheric convection cell where the air rises at the equator and sinks at medium latitudes, just about 30° north or south.



-Sahlah Storks [|Sign In]

11 high & low 12 horse latitudes- The horse latitudes are subtropical regions located at about 30 degrees north and south of the equator. Horse latitudes are known for having little to no winds and little precipitation. -Angel Ojeda

13 intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ)- Reina Garcia Is a belt of low pressure which circles the Earth generally near the equator where the trade winds of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres come together.

14 isobar - Lucinda Crespin

An isobar is a line drawn on a map or chart that connects points of constant or equal pressure. The lines are used to identify points of low and high pressure over large areas. The lowest pressure is where precipitation is most likely to fall and where the high pressures are located is associated with clear and sunny weather.





Resources: www.artofanderson.com

15 jet stream


 * // The jet stream consists of ribbons of very strong winds which move weather systems around the globe. Jet streams are found 9-16 km above the surface of the Earth, just below the tropopause, and can reach speeds of 200 mph. //**



[|What is a Jet Stream?]

- **// Faraz Abbasi //**

16 katabatic winds - **Jessica Quintanilla**

Katabatic wind, also called downslope wind, or gravity wind , wind that blows down a slope because of gravity. It occurs at night, when the highlands radiate heat and are cooled. The air in contact with these highlands is thus also cooled, and it becomes denser than the air at the same elevation but away from the slope; it therefore begins to flow downhill. This process is most pronounced in calm air because winds mix the air and prevent cold pockets from forming.



17 land breeze & sea breeze- Andrea Ponciano This is a cycle along the tropical coastlines and in summer in midlatitude coastal areas where sea breezes are during the day and land breezes during night. This means that at day time, the breezes are coming from the sea to land, and at night from land to sea.



18 La Niña

La Niña is characterized by unusually cold ocean temperatures in the eastern equatorial Pacific, as compared to El Niño, which is characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the Equatorial Pacific.
 * CHRISTINA CAMARENA **

19 monsoon- Monica Gonzalez - a seasonal prevailing wind in the region of South and Southeast Asia, blowing from the southwest between May and September and bringing rain (the //wet monsoon // ), or from the northeast between October and April (the //dry monsoon // ).

= =

20 mountain breeze & valley breeze //**(Barbara Ciaravino)**//

During the day, the air over the mountain slope heats up more than the air at the foot of the mountain. The warm air over the slope reduces in density. A low pressure is created at the top of the mountain and high pressure from the cool air below forces a cool breeze to move upward. This condition generates a breeze which we call Valley breeze, and it is very common during warmer months when there is a lot of heating from the sun.

In the night, it is a lot cooler as the sun goes to sleep. So the air at the upper slope of the mountain cools off very quickly and becomes dense. A high pressure is created. At this time, the air at the valley floor is a lot warmer (low pressure) and is forced to give way to colder air moving down the slope towards the valley floor. This is called mountain breeze, and it is a lot common in the colder months when there is less warming from the sun.

[]

21 offshore flow & onshore flow

22 Polar Easterlies The Polar Easterlies are the winds that come from the high pressure areas of the Polar Highs. The Polar Easterlies are part of the five major wind zones of our atmospheres circulatory system. The Polar Easterlies begin at 600 north and south latitude.

Cesar Melendez

23 polar front 24 polar high 25 pressure gradient - **is a physical quantity that describes which direction and at what rate the pressure changes the most rapidly around a particular location. The pressure gradient is a dimensional quantity expressed in units of pressure per unit length, or Pa/m. Mathematically, it is obtained by applying the del operator to a pressure function of position. (Lindsey Skaggs)**

26 ridge 27 Rossby waves: Sandra Calderon <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Ear <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5;">th are giant meanders in high-altitude winds with major influence on weather.
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Rossby waves **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">, also known as planetary **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">waves **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">, are a natural phenomenon in the atmosphere and oceans of planets that largely owe their properties to rotation. **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Rossby waves **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> are a subset of inertial **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">waves **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">. Atmospheric **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Rossby waves **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> on



28 Santa Ana winds-Arianna Fulton

<span class="_Tgc">The http://people.atmos.ucla.edu say that <span class="_Tgc">the **Santa Ana winds** are strong, extremely dry down-slope **winds** that originate inland and affect coastal Southern California and northern Baja California. **Santa Ana winds** blow mostly in autumn and winter, but can arise at other times of the year also. <span class="_Tgc">

29 Southern Oscillation-Paul Garcia <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Open Sans','Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">The atmospheric pressure conditions corresponding to the periodic warming of El Niño and cooling of La Niña-



30 subpolar lows 31 subtropical high (STH) 32 teleconnection 33 thermal high & thermal low 34 trade winds

The ** trade winds ** are the prevailing pattern of easterly surface winds found in the tropics, within the lower portion of the Earth's atmosphere, in the lower section of the troposphere near the Earth's equator. The trade winds blow predominantly from the northeast in the Northern Hemisphere and from the southeast in the Southern Hemisphere, strengthening during the winter and when the Arctic oscillation is in its warm phase.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_winds


 * George Sigar**

35 trough 36 Walker Circulation - Lisa Morales The Walker circulation, also known as the Walker cell, is a conceptual model of the air flow in the tropics in the lower atmosphere. According to this model, parcels of air follow a closed circulation in the zonal and vertical directions. This circulation, which is roughly consistent with observations, is caused by differences in heat distribution between ocean and land. 37 westerlies- Lidia Quintanilla <span class="_Tgc" style="font-size: 16px;">The **Westerlies**, anti-trades, or Prevailing **Westerlies**, are prevailing winds from the west toward the east in the middle latitudes between 30 and 60 degrees latitude. They originate from the high-pressure areas in the horse latitudes and tend towards the poles and steer extratropical cyclones in this general manner. 38 wind

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